Impact of Globalization
Introduction
The current era is said to be an era of globalization. Globalization is a broad term covering a variety of perspectives. It refers to the global outlook of the various nations of the world closer and uniting efforts in terms of economy, education, society and politics. Globalization empowers a view to the world as a whole, regardless of national identity and globalization therefore has reduced the world bringing people of all nations closer (What is globalization?).
Enabling people of a nation to communicate with the other nation (s) is the greatest achievement in terms of globalization and development. Culture, trade, business, ethics and conduct of a group in the world can influence others may or may not be of the same nation. It is whatever time and space and language links how are you communications are in terms of trade, social internet forums. The process of globalization is thus an amalgam of interaction and integration between different groups people, several organizations and governments of different nations. This communication is based on information technology (What is globalization?). Interaction not only affects people and their welfare in terms of civilization, traditions, political structure, and financial growth but also affects Affluence the environment as a whole (What is globalization?).
Gradually, globalization has defined its terms in all aspects of civilization human, making the countries to formulate policies for open economies both at national and international (What is globalization?). With the implementation system of free market economy, the path is paved for the assembly of his own industrious potential to create many openings for international trade and investment. This served as an opportunity for foreign markets, factories, production and marketing of measures for persons belonging to different parts of the world (What is globalization?).
The view of globalization emerged as-
- Integration economy through trade, investment and capital flows
- Political Interaction
- Information Technology Information (IT)
- Culture
These are the different magnitudes of globalization that affect the natural, local, national and finally the global environment. It has a direct impact on human development (Panayotou, 2000). An outline is drawn to study globalization and the environment that includes dimensions economic trade, investment and capital flows (Panayotou, 2000).
It is clear that, regardless of their mounting strength, side effects of globalization and economic trends are insufficient and that these effects are not straight but are indirect. The growing concern for the environment and its protection has at least gives emphasis on the prevalence of inexorable globalization (Ehrenfeld, 2003). Globalisation is multiplying so rapidly that its consequences are experienced by the smaller and isolated communities and natural areas may be developed or an underdeveloped nation. It is clear that despite its impact deep on the environment, globalization will have a say (Ehrenfeld, 2003). This article means, but the impact of globalization on the environment as a whole can be natural, social, local, national and global, finally.
Globalization has tremendously affected the world in several different aspects
1. Industrial-has provided the area for the production market with greater access to a wide variety of foreign goods, as globalization has increased large number of customers by itself. This has helped in moving goods and materials between and within national borders.
2. Financial globalization, has opened the way to acquire external funding opportunities for borrowers.
3. Economic-free exchange of goods and capital tells us that markets are interrelated and any kind of economic collapse in one country could be handled by others.
4. United States policy-has risen with the supreme power in the era of globalization, as it has a strong and rich economy. Also in the last decade, China has qualified with high economic growth.
5. Information flow of information from one part of the globe to another and even to remote locations via satellite, wireless communication or Internet.
6. The competition of globalization has given rise to fierce competition and has made an open market for excel with the skills and quality.
7. Ecological-the most neglected after globalization is inadequate affected by climate changes occurring due to pollution made by the industrial base. The areas around the industries are becoming slums and waste released industries is affecting the flora and fauna of the domain. It is forcing people to inhale the air polluted and detestable that not only contains high carbon-di-oxide, but it also contains methane, halogen gases and various other particles responsible for altering the physiology of the inhabitants. Altered physiology becomes the leading cause of ill health caused by hypertension, diabetes and can lead to cancer can be as lethal to generate neonatal teratogenesis.
8. The "Cross-cultural contacts are the result of cultural globalization. It has generated a greater understanding of cultural diversity and promotes the travel and tourism to understand each other the most. This has increased the greatest consumer products at the same time has created a pseudo-cultural patterns.
9. Social-by globalization social network of people is increasing and people are able to understand each other better so whatever they are geographically distant.
10. Any technical / technological advances can be communicated to other parts of the world and therefore to further improve feedback is available.
11. Legal and ethical guidelines are established for any type of legal issues, international criminal court and international justice movements (nijam, A., Runnalls, D., Halle, M., 2007)
Effects of globalization on our environment
Reduced genetic diversity in agriculture, observed a reduction in genetic diversity in the field of agriculture. It was recognized that the loss of non-hybrid germplasm has taken place for vegetables, cereals and tree crops due to the influx of new commercial varieties of seeds. This has affected local farmers to plummet the wealth of existing varieties to promote "new and high-performance business" seeds (Ramprasad, 2002). In the same way globalization has affected varieties wild as well. The wild varieties are known for their gene pool for resistance to diseases and various adaptations to the environment and also for its nutritional value. Due globalization, development, logging and conversion of marginal lands to improve the production of local agricultural environment is severely affected (Ehrenfeld, 2003).
This has also affected livestock breeds pushing them towards extinction (Hall and Ruane, 1993). Also states that globalization has paved the way for the loss of domestic livestock in particular. Aristide, (2000) has focused on the killing of the local Haitian Creole pigs, requiring maintenance very low in order to replace them with pigs in Iowa (USA) to promote the success of the project but the project failed.
There are many projects that are formulated in every field of human endeavor for the promotion of globalization, but only one is successful few, incurring huge losses of natural resources, vegetation and damage to the natural environment.
The loss of wild species: it is a common observation that most endangered wild face of extinction due to global trade, global expansion and to approach new technologies and to meet the demands that arise. Natural areas are giving quickly turned to the planting of concrete, to improve production, construction of roads, dams, mining, power plants, causing the loss of species that are known to the natives of the geographic domain. This is further contributed by the growing human population dramatically (Ehrenfeld, 2002). This is direct involvement in the cattle but also other indirect impacts include the contamination of agricultural production, the vehicles coming to the area, the additional need for electricity, waste from nuclear plants cause changes in local climate due to the release of various industrial chemicals that also were established from the release of toxic waste gases such as carbon-di-oxide, methane, fluorocarbons drastically affect the natural environment local. Development of ecotourism-based industries and the increasing demands and fierce competition to capture the market has led to the loss of wildlife (Ehrenfeld, 2003). It is clear that with the advent of globalization, contact with nature, human life is becoming the source of several new diseases, a of the biggest is, for example, HIV and bursts of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Alexander, 2002).
The environmental costs of globalization
This covers the deteriorating quality of natural resources, including water, air and soil. It also causes the depletion of natural resources both renewable and non-renewable resources. Environmental pollution is attributed to increase in industries, burning fossil fuels industries, machinery and transport raw and finished products to different locations. The protection laws and customs of the new regulation also of the environment, contributing to the impact of globalization. According to Yu et al (2002) "A country is importing products mainly dirt contamination leaks exporting countries with lower standards. Moreover, "The conflict between trade and environment is that countries with weak property rights seem to be more productive, even when they are not, and export natural resources unsustainably. "Economists running World Trade Organization (WTO) are general problems in the operation Agreement on Tariffs Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which is made to safeguard natural resources and protect human life, animal or plant or health (Yu et al, 2002).
What is further emphasized that the scientist should submit to the pressure of the WTO considerations definitive scientific evidence of environmental damage.
One of the other consequences of globalization is the transport of heavy, minimally processed food are available in excess of the area that were already available. This not only puts pressure on local manufacturers, but also their psychological pressure to produce more products to meet the competition (Yu, 2002).
The social disruption
Globalization is widening the gap between rich and poor communities and also between countries causing regional insecurity and fear of exhaustion and the exhaustion of resources and changing labor less developed to more developed geographical area. Increasing demands have also made people rich by adopting unfair means leading to the dissolution of families and communities, health and in education. This has led to regional wars and international terrorism, crippling and self-(Ehrenfeld, 2003).
Disruption Spiritual
The world is becoming materialistic and therefore human human spirits is lost, causing loss of environmental knowledge (Ehrenfeld, 2003).
Globalization has also revolutionized the Plastics Industry: Their Impact on Environment
The arrival of the plastic has revolutionized the packaging industry. It is becoming the major toxic pollutants in the current era. It has the potential to pollute the nature and all natural resources like air, water and soil. It is a biodegradable product that causes serious damage to our natural environment (plastic problems.) Globalization promotes the distribution of goods from one place on earth to another, and this requires appropriate packaging to keep products secure and in perfect consistency, the discovery plastic and its products has proved a great help to promote globalization in its current form. Financial traders have at least one ear to this harmful substance which is becoming a choking hazard of drains and pipes in the streets. This is a serious environmental problem since it leads to the situation of roads More water can be flooded with rainwater or what comes through the water pipe choked. Causing severe traffic jams on the roads when the roads flooded with water the other hand, choked drains offer tremendous breeding grounds for disease-causing mosquitoes (plastic problems).
Alteration of genetic and mutation
Due to globalization and industrialization, various effluents are released in the atmosphere by altering the proportion of natural gas. Clearly, these gases are harmful to the inhabitants of the area. Some of these gases are capable of altering the composition genetics of plants, animals and humans living in that area. Apart from these gases are certain effluents that are dumped on the ground or in the nearest water body with thought to be diluted, but these chemicals are so harmful that even parts per million (ppm) concentration can result in serious illness that are beyond any treatment and healing. The contaminated water is very unsafe. Called Minamata disease is the result of mercury poisoning in similar fashion several pesticides, chemicals and particles are released into the body of water may lead to blindness, cancer, paralysis, and if consumed by a pregnant woman, then leads to malformation of the child or give rise to diseases such as spina bifida or teratogenic (Blackburn, 2007). These chemicals known to affect the DNA of living things can be plants, animals or humans.
Nuclear Developments
The advances in technology and the establishment of nuclear reactors to meet growing electricity demand are causing serious damage to the soil in the area. nuclear substances are very harmful and directly affect the physiology of organisms. Altered physiology leads to changes in genetic composition and thus gene expression affected causing genetic damage, incorrect synthesis of proteins and enzymes therefore incorrect. Ends together to make any resident of a victim's grave some kind of disease (Lewin, IX ed.)
The war, threats and accidents
In the rush to the autonomy of nations with arms and ammunition, the organs of government is buying and developing nuclear weapons. When these weapons are tested for their effectiveness, then results in total damage the territory, both in terms of vegetation and animals. It is a great concern for the environment because we have not forgotten the incident of Hiroshima and Nagasaki explosion a bomb in 1945. The people still face the consequences as the environment remains active nuclear particles that cause serious health problems. Must have on the concern that these elements have large range of half-life and can survive in its active form for long.
Conclusion
Globalization has brought a tremendous impact on human civilization. Strategies to cope with globalization not enough to revolutionize the approach to anti-globalization. The technological advances not only incur the deterioration of the physical environment by enhancing the amount of carbon-di-oxide, temperature changes in the local area but has made a profound impact on the environment of nations as well. Global warming is the combined effect of the contribution of different nations to globalization. The consequences of global warming are causing devastating not only changes in temperature but also the melting of permafrost and demand deposits boreal peat oxidation, changes in the allocation and profusion of showers and thunderstorms measures, rising sea levels, depletion layer ozone. Ozone layer is a shield to protect our environment. It protects Earth from harmful UV rays. These radiations are dangerous and the results of gene mutation altering the genetic makeup of the organism. Holes in the ozone layer are an open invitation to all types of genetic alteration that can have disastrous consequences. Globalization has also affected the pattern of survival of the varied flora and fauna. A particular geographical area is known for the distribution of its flora and fauna, but the patterns of disturbance of vegetation for industrialization is not only extend the loss of species of plants, herbs or useful varieties, but also causing the loss of various animal species. The pollution of any kind can be air, water or soil has an impact on the composition genetic individuals. altered genes not only lead to the altered physiology of the organism, but also produce altered enzymes, devastating effects on people. These enzymes are responsible for altered for various kinds of diseases such as Alzheimer's, brain dysfunction. When contaminated water is consumed by a pregnant woman can be animal or human, then it directly affects the fetus and affects the development of the newborn. Polluted water and air can occur from inhalation and consumption of some carcinogenic particles that are responsible for the cancer, paralysis, cerebral palsy. Children who consume contaminated water show mental retardation, stunted growth, physical weakness, poor mental development. Moreover, the floor of the industrial zone becomes less productive or make infertile barren land. The particles released or thrown on the floor reacts with the natural mineral composition of soil and soil quality deteriorates. The crops grown in soils are becoming polluted at the source of intake of high mineral content, along with vegetables and fruits different types of pesticides are consumed also leads to bioaccumulation of these hazardous chemicals. The consumption of animals for food and meat also leads to bioaccumulation of these pesticides. Food sea is even more dangerous. With the globalization of food is sent in as developed a variety of geographic areas that vary in temperature conditions. This not only allows the growth of harmful microbes, but also deteriorates the quality. To overcome this situation preservatives are added but still is another chemical!
Genetic improvement of animals and plants are underway to produce high-yielding varieties that trend has lost wildlife. The genetically modified animals or animals and transgenic plants are more prone to disease than their wild counterparts. To high milk production and to meet the growing demand for milk and milk products are preferable transgenic cattle to wild animals. Globalization is a time nations impose on imports also won high performance to meet growing demands. This is the replacement of the original fauna of the domain with imported. Sometimes it is dangerous as the animals are being raised in special conditions and provide them with the same conditions in the geographic area it costs a lot. Leads to the installation of machinery and temperature control devices to achieve desired performance. Moreover these wild varieties are away from home and then make trouble for social settings.
The plastic, although it is becoming an integral part of our lives is the biggest polluter of this century. It is causing a choking hazard because it is non-degradable material. The packaging industry is thriving in this benefit but concern for the environment lower.
With advances in technology, computerization and automation of equipment, more unemployment is rife that causes lack of community autonomy and culture and moral impoverishment leads to corruption, the adaptation of fallacies, aggression, stress, hypertension and the various consequences health. Globalization has demonstrated its impact on reducing the world by bringing nations together in a single platform, but this platform in the real sense not only expand the gap between nations, but also caused suffering to the poor. Hygiene around the industries is a concern as much as the body of water This area contains all effluent emitted by industries as a waste product. This waste product to be thrown in the air or flying in the water and rarely buried in the ground what makes people suffer all kinds of danger.
Developing nations must also check on population control. If people are less that applications will also be less and therefore, more vegetation, forests and animals are protected from damage. Planting should be promoted for protect deforestation. Deforestation is a serious situation and is serving as a principle of the calamity. It is deforestation and forest destruction and its inhabitants that the forecasts of changes in the climate of the area. If this is prevented then that is too many calamities can be prevented.
It raises the question where we're going with this pace? Actually we are progressing ahead in life or digging the grave for our own destruction? Are we heading towards sustainable development and we are just waiting for the ecosystem to collapse? It is therefore essential that this alarming situation is due to a serious concern and nations must join hands once again not only for trade and economic globalization, but for the sake of protecting our planet and all we have the environment natural must be protected for our survival.
Therefore, it is a serious situation that must have a deep concern for the environment in all aspects of life. Our natural environment is the only one of our survival and we must protect them for a living. We can not ignore our environment and leave everything for tomorrow. important measures to minimize the use of harmful entities should begin now to protect our environment locally, nationally and globally.
We need a futuristic approach to address the issues raised in this article to acquire a natural environment for healthy living.
About the Author
Monika Nigam
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