London Underground – subway World
My family tree goes back to the kings of England in the early seventh Century AD. This has given me an interest in the history of English which is great fun to research. I am a direct descendant of Sir Christopher Wren and have many ancestors London.
The transport system is today known as the London Underground began in 1863 with the Metropolitan Railway, the first underground railway. During the next forty years, the lines of early sub-surface extended from the center of the capital in the surrounding rural margins, leading to development of new suburban neighborhoods.
At the end of the 19th and early 20th century, new technology, including improvements to electric locomotives and the shield of a tunnel enabled new entrants to the construction of a series of "Pipe" deeper underground lines. Initially rival firms tube railway began to cooperate in advertising and through co-branding, with the consolidation, under the proprietorship of the London rail power lines stretching across London.
Important Dates London Underground
1820
1825
Using its patented tunnel shield, Marc Brunel begins construction Thames tunnel under the River Thames between Rotherhithe and Wapping. Progress is slow and stopped several times before the tunnel is completed.
1840
1843 The Thames Tunnel opens as a pedestrian tunnel. 1845 Charles Pearson, Solicitor of the City of London, began promoting the idea of a railway Underground to bring passenger and freight services in the city center.
1850
1854 Metropolitan Railway (MR) is incorporated and granted powers to build an underground train from Paddington to Farringdon. This 1856 county station (ECR) opens a line of Leyton to Loughton.
1860
1861 The construction of the underground railway, near Kings Cross station.
1860 Aylesbury and Buckingham Railway (A & BR) is incorporated.
1862 Edgware, Highgate and London Railway (EH & LR) is incorporated to build a railroad between Finsbury Park and Edgware. MR 1863 the first underground railway opens the world. 1864 MR opens the Hammersmith & City trains, first extensions Hammersmith and Kensington Olympia. Metropolitan District Railway (MDR) is incorporated. MR 1865 extends to Moorgate. East London Railway (ELR) purchase of the Thames Tunnel for conversion to a rail tunnel. P. extended to Ongar. 1867 EH & LR between Finsbury opens Park and Edgware. RM 1868, opens the Metropolitan and St John's Wood station, a branch north from Baker Street to Swiss Cottage, [8], the first section of possible extensions of the company in Middlesex, Hertfordshire and Buckinghamshire. MDR is opened between South Kensington and Westminster. MRI extends to connect to the MDR in South Kensington and both companies operate services through other channels. A & BR opens up between Aylesbury and Verney output. MDR 1869 extends from Gloucester Road to West Brompton. ELR opens between New Cross Gate and Wapping. First use of the Thames tunnel for trains. London and South Western Railway (L & SWR) opened the lines of West London Line to Richmond.
Tower 1870 meters, which shows the tubular construction with cast-iron rings segmental
Tower subway 1870 opened, briefly, using a wiring carried by the transport before the conversion to pedestrians. Built with a circular shield tunnel developed by Peter W. Barlow and James Henry Greathead and aligned with segmental cast iron rings, the tunnel that passes under the River Thames successfully demonstrated new techniques for construction of tunnels that would be used to build most of the underground lines in London later. MDR extends from Westminster to Blackfriars. MDR 1871 extends from Blackfriars to Mansion House. Brill Tramway opens between A and BR station at Quainton Road and wood paneling. Brill Tramway Brill extends to 1872. MDR extends from the Earl's Court to Kensington Olympia. Great Northern Railway (GNR) extends E & HLR from East Finchley to High Barnet. GNR 1873 EH & LR extends from Highgate to Alexandra Palace. MDR 1874 extends from the Earl's Court to Hammersmith. City of London financial establishment Metropolitan Inner Circle Completion Railway to complete the inner circle by linking the MDR terminal at Mansion House with the planned terminal in Aldgate MR. MR 1875 is extended to Liverpool Street. MR 1876 is extended to Aldgate. ELR extends from Whitechapel to Shoreditch. MDR extends Hammersmith since 1877 to connect to the steel cables in L & Ravenscourt Park. MR MDR and services will begin in the L & CA to Richmond. MR 1879 is extended to Willesden Green. MR takes over Metropolitan Inner Circle Completion Railway. MDR extends from Turnham Green to Ealing Broadway.
1880
1880 MR extends to Harrow on the Hill. MDR extends from West Brompton to Putney Bridge. MR 1882 runs from Aldgate to the Tower of London. MDR 1883 inaugurated a service over Great Western Railway (GWR) through Slough to Windsor and Eton Central. MDR extends from Acton Town to Hounslow Town. 1884 City of London and Southwark Underground established to build a railroad from the city of London in Elephant & Castle. MDR extends from Osterley & Spring Grove to Hounslow West. MR and MDR connect Mansion House of the Tower of London, completing the inner circle. MR and MDR extend this to (St Mary Whitechapel Road) and connect to ELR with services running to New Cross and New Cross Gate. MDR extends Whitechapel. MR 1885 extends to Pinner. MDR removed Ealing Broadway to Windsor & Eton Central service. MDR 1886 Hounslow Town closed spur. MR 1887 is extended to Rickmansworth. MR 1889 extends to Chesham. MDR is connected to steel cables L & East Putney and services starts at Wimbledon.
1890
1890 City and South London electric locomotive and carriages.
1890 City of London and Southwark Subway name of the city and changes in South London Railway (C & SLR) and opens between Stockwell and King William Street, the first subway in the world at a deep level and the electric railway. Central London Railway (CLR) to build a railroad built pipe Bank Pastor Bush. RM 1891 is responsible for A & BR between Aylesbury and Verney output. MR 1892 extends from Chalfont & Latimer to Aylesbury. Great Northern & City Railway (GN & CR) granted powers to build a tube train at Finsbury Park to Moorgate. 1893 Charing Cross, Euston and Hampstead Railway (CCE & HR) granted powers to build a railroad Strand from Hampstead tube. Baker Street and Waterloo Railway (BS & WR) granted powers to build a railway from Waterloo to Baker Street. Brompton and Piccadilly 1897 Railroad Circus granted powers to build a railroad from Piccadilly Circus tube to South Kensington. MDR obtained powers to build a railway from Gloucester Road tube to the Mansion to run below its sub-surface line. The anarchists bomb exploded in a train MR Barbican, wounding and killing 60. Whitaker Wright London and Globe Finance BS & WR Corporation purchases. 1898 City and Brixton Railway granted powers to build a railway from King William Street tube to Brixton. Waterloo Railway City opens between Waterloo and Bank. 1899 Great Northern Railway and Strand granted powers to build a railway to Wood Green tube Strand. MR services will begin in the Brill Tramway.
1900
"Underground" brand tube map from 1908 showing the tube lines open again in central London
1900 C & SLR closed Moorgate King William Street and extends north and south of Clapham Common. CLR is opened between the Bank and Shepherd's Bush. Charles Yerkes led consortium takes over CCE & HR. London & Globe Finance Corporation and the following collapse BS & WR Whitaker Wright fraudulent concealment large losses. 1901 C & SLR extends to Angel. Yerkes consortium takes over MDR, Brompton and Piccadilly Circus and Great Northern Railway and Railway and merges Strand tube routes to form the Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway (GNP and BR). 1902 Yerkes consortium takes over BS & WR. Yerkes established the Underground Electric Railways Company of London Limited (UERL) as the holding company of the Tube lines under the control of their consortium. MDR extends from Whitechapel to Bromley-by-Bow and start a service from there on the London, Tilbury and Southend Railway Upminster. Edgware & Hampstead Railway incorporated to build a railroad from Golders Green to Edgware. 1903 C & SLR takes over the city and the railroad Brixton and allows plans to take effect. MDR extends from Ealing Common to South Harrow. City reopens Hounslow MDR spur. Watford and Edgware Railway incorporated to build a railroad from Edgware to Watford. CCE & HR takes over Edgware & Hampstead Railway. Great Eastern Railway opened Ilford Fairlop Loop through Hainult Woodford. GN 1904 CR opens between Finsbury Park and Moorgate. MR opens branch in Harrow-on-the-Hill to Uxbridge. Whitaker Wright committed suicide by swallowing cyanide after being convicted of fraud. 1905 UERL Lots Road power station opened to supply electricity to the MDR and the lines of the next UERL tube. The MR and MDR replace steam trains most electricity through the routes. MDR is removed from service between East Ham and Upminster. MDR opened a branch in the town of Acton to South Acton. MDR is removed from service between St. Mary's (Whitechapel Road) and New Cross. Charles Yerkes dies and is replaced by the President of the UERL by Edgar Speyer. 1906 Frank Pick, later general manager and vice president of Transport for London, began working on UERL. MR withdrew services between Hammersmith and Richmond. BS & WR opens between Elephant & Castle and Baker Street. Is known as the Bakerloo tube. GNP & BR opens between Finsbury Park and Hammersmith. It becomes known as the Piccadilly tube. MR retired from service between electrification (Whitechapel Road) and New Cross, waiting for Santa Maria del ELR. 1907 Albert Stanley, later chairman of Transport for London, began working on UERL. C & SLR extends to Euston. CCE & HR opens between Golders Green, Bow and Charing Cross. Is known as the Hampstead tube. Piccadilly opens branch in Holborn to Aldwych. Bakerloo tube extends to Edgware Road. CLR 1908 extends to Wood Lane. MDR restart the service between East Ham and Barking. The underground railway companies started using Metro "brand for joint marketing. First version of the ring comes into use metro red disc with a bar of lead station names is based on an apparatus using the London General Omnibus Company. Hounslow Town closed MDR 1909 relaunch.
Tube 1910 based on the design circles Edward Johnston
Line 1910 extends from south of Harrow District to connect to the RM in Rayners Lane and Uxbridge service starts. District line service trips starts Upminster to Southend-on-Sea .. Separate efforts by the Bakerloo tube, Hampstead tube and Piccadilly companies merge into one company of the London Electric Railway (LER). The lines are still identified by individual names. 1911 First came into use escalators at Earl's Court. CLR 1912 extends Liverpool Street. LER 1913 purchases the C & SLR and CLR. MR takes control of the ELR and the GN & CR. Following the electrification of the ELR, MR restart service between St. Mary's (Whitechapel Road) and New Cross. RM starts the service of Shoreditch and Whitechapel of Surrey Quays to New Cross Gate. Bakerloo tube extends to Paddington. 1914 Hampstead tube extends to Embankment. 1915 Bakerloo tube extends to Willesden Junction. RM begins publication of Metro-land of his annual guide promotes the use of your line to go to work and leisure. The name becomes synonymous with development in the suburbs northwest of the capital served by the railway. Sir Edgar Speyer resigned as Chairman of the tube after attacks in the press regarding its origins in Germany. He is replaced by Lord George Hamilton. Edward Johnston 1916 meter designs "typeface now bears his name and is used by Transport for London all transportation-related purposes. Edward Johnston 1917 re-design and medallion disc meter bar to suit your new typeface, making the disc into a ring. Bakerloo tube 1917 extends to Watford Junction. 1919 Sir Albert Stanley replaces Lord George Hamilton as Chairman of the Metro.
1920
CLR 1920 extends Wood Lane to Ealing Broadway. 1922 Metro Group Buying and unbuilt Watford railway to extend Edgware Hampstead tube to Watford. 1923 Hampstead tube extends to Hendon Central. 1924 Hampstead extends to Edgware. C & SLR runs from Euston to connect to Hampstead tube Camden Town. MR 1925 runs from Moor Park to Watford. 1926 Hampstead Embankment to Kennington underground and C & SLR extends Morden, completing the integration of the two lines.
55 Broadway, built between 1927 and 1929
1929 Broadway opening 55 as the seat of the Metro Group.
1930 Arnos Grove station designed Charles Holden
MR 1932 extends to Stanmore. Piccadilly line runs from Finsbury Park to Arnos Grove. Piccadilly line extends over the line Hammersmith Southern District of Harrow. District line service between Barking and Upminster restart. MR completes the publication of Metro-land. 1933 extends from Arnos Grove Piccadilly line to Cockfosters. Piccadilly line extends on the District line from Acton Town to Hounslow West and Uxbridge South Harrow. line service withdrawal of the District between Acton Town and Uxbridge. Metro Group and under public control RM common with the formation of the Board of London Transport passengers (LPTB). Mr. Ashfield and Frank Pick, formerly president and CEO of Metro Group, who became president and vice president of LPTB. LPTB publishes the first design of Harry Beck for metro map. 1935 Brill Tramway is closed. LPTB Announces New Works Programme, a five-year plan to modernize and expand the subway network and take control and electrification a number of mainline routes. 1936 closes the Metropolitan line from Aylesbury to Verney Junction. 1937 The combination of Hampstead tube and C & SLR routes changed officially on behalf of the Northern line and the CLR is renamed the center line. 1938 collision of two trains between Embankment and Temple kills six and injures 45 because to poor control of the signal cable. 1939 Bakerloo line runs from Baker Street to Finchley Road and is responsible for the services of the Metropolitan Line to Stanmore. Northern line extends from the Arc of East Finchley. LPTB suspended most new works program following the outbreak of World War II. District Line service ends trips to Southend-on-Sea.
1940 The refuge of the London Blitz in a subway station
1940 extends over the north of the line EH & LR ancient route to High Barnet. Metropolitan Line services withdrawn from Latimer Road and Kensington Olympia following the failure of a pump in Uxbridge Road. Londoners using deep tube platforms as bomb shelters in the bombing of London. Hits by German bombs during this period and passengers killed in Charing Cross shelterers (7 dead), Bounds Green (19 dead), Balham (68 dead), Tottenham Court Road (one died) and Camden Town (one died). 1941 North line extends over former EH & LR route to Mill Hill East. No new reservoir completed on the Northern Line Aldenham made for the construction of Halifax bombers. Plessey tunnels used without opening the Central line between Wanstead and Gants Hill as an underground factory. German A bomb explodes in the lobby line with the Central Bank, killing 56 people. 1943 Panic in the crowd to enter the bomb shelter in the unopened at Bethnal Green station kills 173 people crushed to death. 1946 Central line runs from Liverpool Street to Stratford. 1947 Central line runs from Stratford's oldest and p. GNR routes Woodford and Newbury Park and North Acton on GWR way Greenford Lord Ashfield LPTB withdraws. 1948 The government nationalized all transport operations in London and the Executive LondonTransport (LTE) LPTB replaced. Central line extends over p. Former GNR and routes and Loughton Roding Valley and over GWR route to West Ruislip .. 1949 Central line extends over the old path p. to Ongar .. Circle line appears on maps as a separate service pipe for the first time.
1950
LTE leaves New Works Programme Northern line extension Bushey Heath due to the introduction of Green Belt legislation preventing development in areas to be addressed. Leaves LTE 1953 inauguration of former EH & LR line between Mill Hill East and due to declining passenger numbers expected and the lack of funds Edgware. A rear-end collision between two trains on the Central line between Stratford and Leyton killing 12 passengers. 1955 Aldenham works depot opens as the bus review. 1956 Parliament grants approval for the construction Victoria line. 1957 tube steam train pulled by replacing electric shuttles between Epping and Ongar. 1959 District line drive between South Acton and Acton Town closed.
Unger floor tile design line in 1960 Hans Blackhorse Victoria Station Road, opened 1968
1960 The last published map designed by Harry Beck's Underground is released. Electric trains replacing steam pipe towed shuttles between Chalfont & Latimer and Chesham. 1961 Metropolitan line services between Aylesbury and Amersham removed. 1963 London Transport Board (LTB) replaces LTE. 1964 District Line services withdrawn between Acton Town and Hounslow West. Online services North of the city retreat between Drayton Park and Finsbury Park to allow tunnels to be reused for the Victoria Line. Experimental installed automatic ticket gates at Stamford Brook, Chiswick Park and Ravenscourt Park stations. world's first automatic trains brought into service on the line Between Hainault and Woodford Central Victoria to test the operating systems of the line. Victoria line opens 1968 between Walthamstow Central and Warren Street. 1969 extends to the line Victoria Victoria.
1970
1970 Greater London Council (GLC) took management control of the London Underground London Transport control of the Board of meters through a new London Transport Executive (LTE). Victoria Line 1971 extends to Brixton. London Underground last steam locomotives removed operational service. 1975 Moorgate tube crash kills 43 when a line south of the North (Highbury Power) train can not stop and crashes into the end wall of the tunnel. line Piccadilly runs from Hounslow West to Hatton Cross. 1976 North Line (Highbury branch) transfers to British Rail operation. During a bombing campaign against meter, an Irish Republican Army (IRA) gunman detonates a bomb on a train, killing the driver and injuring a bystander while trying to escape. 1977 Piccadilly Line extends from Hatton Cross to Terminals 1, 2, 3. 1979 Jubilee Line opened between Baker Street and Charing Cross and takes care services Bakerloo line to Stanmore.
1980 London Transport Museum, Covent Garden
1980 London Transport Museum in Covent Garden opens .. GLC 1981 introduced the tariff policy Fair to reduce ticket prices by increasing subsidies on London's transport of the types of premises. Price Policy Fair 1982 ends after the legal challenge of Bromley London Borough Council, which has no metro service. LTE presents Travelcard 1983 and the network is divided into five tariff zones. Bakerloo line withdraw services between Stonebridge Park and Watford exit. 1984 restarts Bakerloo line services between Stonebridge Park and Harrow & Wealdstone. Oxford Circus fire in the belly platform north Victoria line north and adjacent damage Bakerloo line platform. London Regional Transport (LRT) replaces LTE, eliminating control of transport in London from the GLC .. LRT 1985 establishes its wholly owned subsidiary, London Underground Limited, to manage the underground .. Piccadilly line opens 1986 cycle Heathrow and Heathrow Terminal 4 .. 1987 fire at King's Cross killed 31 people when a fire breaks out on a Piccadilly line escalator. The first lines Docklands Light Railway opened between Tower Gateway, Stratford and Island Gardens.
1990 Canary Wharf Station on the Jubilee Line Extension
1990 Hammersmith & City line appears in the maps independently of the metropolitan line for the first time. 1991 division Travelcard zone 5 to create a new Travelcard Zone 6. 1994 Waterloo & City line train transfers to London Underground property. Aldwych branch of the Piccadilly line closed. line Central to the Epping Ongar section closes. 1995 East London line closed for repairs to Thames Tunnel. 1998 re-open the East London Line. Jubilee line 1999 runs from Green Park to Stratford. The section of Green Park to Charing Cross was closed.
2000 Oyster
2000
Last service operates with a guard rail. Transport for London (TfL), an executive of the Greater London Authority, is set to assume responsibility for transporting London from LRT.] London Underground Limited moves to direct control by the Department of Transportation 2002 Lots Road power station closes. 2003 TfL takes control of the meters Limited London, Department for Transport. Oyster smart card ticketing system is in place. Public-private partnership infrastructure companies Metronet and Tube Lines to take responsibility for maintenance of the metro network. Train operations remain the responsibility of TfL. A Central Line train derailed at Chancery Lane when an engine falls off the bottom of a car. After investigations, modifications are made to all trains of 1992 values. 2005 suicide bombers detonated bombs on three trains subway and bus, killing 52 and wounding over 770. [95] Two weeks later, four more terrorists fail when their bombs failed to explode. 2006 line is closed East London Whitechapel Shoreditch. 2007 East London line closed completely to make it part of London Overground network. Metronet goes into administration after failure to and programs to manage the costs of their projects. TfL takes temporary control. 2008 Piccadilly Line is extended to Terminal 5 at Heathrow. 2009 Begins the construction of Crossrail. extends Circle Line to Hammersmith.
2010s
2010 The East London Line reopens as part of the London Overground network.
England is the European country's oldest (1500 years) and London itself was founded by the Romans in 53 AD this makes London a world capital. A recent survey FAO has recently discovered that London schools had 365 children who speak languages. Please click the links below to visit my Different articles and websites.
Like many famous events of chance and sports were created in England and the rest of the British Isles during ever thought it would be a good idea to tell the various stories in my articles than those icons of many English and British Anglo-Saxon times to the present day England.
Please visit my Funny Animal Art Prints Collection @ http://www.fabprints.com
My other website is called code of British icons: http://fabprints.webs.com
To visit the list and links to my other items Blogg: http://bloggs.resourcez.com
The Chinese call to Britain Hero Island, which I think summarizes what is British.
Copyright © 2010 Paul Hussey. All rights reserved.
About the Author
Please visit my Funny Animal Art Prints Collection @ http://www.fabprints.com
My other website is called Directory of British Icons: http://fabprints.webs.com
To visit the list and links to my other Blogg articles: http://bloggs.resourcez.com
The Chinese call England “The Island of Hero’s” which I think sums up what we English are all about.
Copyright © 2010 Paul Hussey. All Rights Reserved.
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